Suchergebnisse

La Grande Guerre semble être un conflit sans fin. La sortie de guerre, notamment la démobilisation, fut longue. De nombreux incidents parmi les forces armées britanniques et impériales se déclarent en conséquence, parfois très violents. La fin des hostilités ne donne pas lieu à un sentiment de clôture chez beaucoup d'anciens soldats, marqués pour toujours par l'expérience de la guerre. Les pratiques mémorielles instituées par la Commonwealth War Graves Commission ambitionnent d'empêcher l'oubli du conflit, les principaux aspects de cette pratique étant une dépersonnalisation du souvenir et la distanciation des cimetières militaires. Cette méthode soulève l'opposition des parents de victimes en soulignant le caractère national du sacrifice, et fait usage du passé pour conserver une certaine image de la nation. Sans effacer la mémoire du conflit, l'exploitation commerciale du souvenir pousse désormais la pratique mémorielle dans une nouvelle direction.

In Latin America, where British imperial expansion had left little administrative trace, Argentina was nonetheless profoundly affected by British investment and imported British technical expertise. Among the more modest examples of British expansionism in Argentina was the arrival, from 1865 onwards, of Welsh immigrants eager to establish a colony in Patagonia isolated from the seemingly unstoppable progress of Anglicisation by an overwhelmingly hegemonic Victorian England. By the time of the First World War, however, the Celtic character of the colony could no longer be taken for granted: Argentine government pressures had already meant that the Welsh-speaking colony was now more firmly integrated into the nation-building process. Friction which then developed between the Welsh community and the Argentine government acted as one of the push factors which sent Welsh Patagonians back to Wales and on to Australia, for example…To this process of integration the Great War added new pressures in the form of the question of loyalty to Britain during the conflict. Those who stayed in Patagonia during the war often expressed views which were pro-British and the Argentine province became a source of recruitment for the British armed services…Using a range of sources, this paper attempts to show that the Welshness of the Patagonian colonists had not destroyed their British patriotism: the latter survived and even came to the fore during the conflict of 1914-18.

This report is a summary of the specialist meeting of NCGIA Initiative 19: 'The Social Implications of How People, Space, and Environment are Represented in GIS'. The meeting brought together researchers and graduate students from the US and Europe and represented a spectrum of the Geography discipline. Deliberations began in an opening plenary session where the steering committee identified three core conceptual issues: 1) epistemologies of GIS; 2) GIS, spatial data institutions, and access to information; and 3) developing alternative GISs. Subsequent small group and plenary discussions generated the following seven research focus areas:GIS 2 and virtual geographies; GIS social practice and intellectual history; Environmental justice and political ecology; GIS in the community: local knowledge and multiple realities; Data access, privacy and geodemographics; Gender and representation; and Geographic Information (and Systems) and the human dimensions of global environmental change.

In the different versions of multiculturalism that have re-shaped English-speaking societies and political systems, identities appear more plastic than in societies which have constructed their national narratives on more stubborn denials of their colonial and patriarchal pasts; yet, the myth of purity (or authenticity) and separatist temptations remain very real parameters of identity politics. In such contexts, crafting an identity for oneself implies expectations of consistency, linked not only to the individual need to prove oneself and disprove stereotypes and statistics, but also to the broader political goal of dis-alienating or, as it were, de-Othering oneself and one's community. The contributors to this book explore the different ways - from the most institutional to the most intimate - in which people articulate the politics of memory and the creation of national narratives, or communal and personal identities.

This Specialist Meeting (Santa Barbara, CA, 15-17 Oct. 1998) brought together individuals with deep experience with public participation GIS to share experiences about alternative GIS designs and applications to better reflect community interests and involve and empower its members. The meeting also explored the unintended consequences of PPGIS in marginalizing people and communities. The participants presented case studies in a diversity of social contexts. Key themes of the meeting included: identifying community information needs and how PPGIS might contribute to those needs; the multiple ways in which PPGIS are being designed and implemented; the impacts on communities arising from differential access to GIS hardware, software, data, and expertise; the nature of GIS knowledge distortion and the ways in which socially differentiated communities and their local knowledge might be represented within a PPGIS; changes in local politics and power relationships arising from the use of PPGIS in decision making; unintended outcomes of PPGIS implementation, including red-lining, local surveillance, and breaches of confidentiality and privacy; and the potential of PPGIS to empower people and communities. Extended abstracts of papers from 38 participants, discussion summaries, and meeting recommendations are provided in this report.

AbstractInclusive wealth is a key indicator of economic sustainability and an important component in evaluating regional policy and sustainable development initiatives. Measuring capital stocks at scales below the national level is challenging and there is limited empirical research to guide individual or comparative studies. Advances in geospatial technologies including GIS and remote sensing, and the availability of well‐attributed spatial data, provide new opportunities to generate empirical wealth estimates at differing spatial granularities. Based on a case study of West Virginia, USA, this study outlines an approach for determining inclusive wealth estimates using GIS and spatial data infrastructures at sub‐regional scales of analysis.